Mediterranean Sea - Po River - DIVAnd 4D seasonal analysis of Water body phosphate 1972/2022 v2025

Water body phosphate - Seasonal Climatology for Po River for the period 1972-2022 on the domain: Lon E12.0-14.0deg., Lat N44.0-46.0deg. Description of DIVA analysis: The computation was done with the DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 30sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd maps grids is dx=dy=0.009 degrees (around 975m and 708m accordingly). The vertical resolution is 14 depth levels: [0., 2., 4., 6., 8., 10., 15., 20., 25., 30., 40., 50., 60., 70.]. A relative correlation length used based on topography gradients and the horizontal correlation length varies from 25 km to 12.5 km. The vertical correlation length (in meters) is: [4.,4.,4.,4.,4.,10.,10.,10.,10.,20.,20.,20.,20.,20.]. Duplicates check was performed using the following criteria for space and time: dlon=0.01deg., dlat=0.01deg., ddepth=0.01m, dtime=1min, dvalue=0.01. The error variance (epsilon2) was set equal to 1. Data weight was reduced at shallow waters. Data weighting was applied with the following threshold values: lon=0.03, lat=0.03, depth=2. An anamorphosis transformation was applied to the data (function DIVAnd.Anam.loglin) to avoid unrealistic negative values: threshold value=200. The mean value was used as background analysis field. Quality control of the observations was applied using the interpolated field (QCMETHOD=3). Residuals (differences between the observations and the analysis (interpolated linearly to the location of the observations) were calculated. Observations with residuals outside the minimum and maximum values of the 99% quantile were discarded from the analysis. Seasons definition: Winter=Jan-Mar, Spring=Apr-Jun, Summer=Jul-Sep, Autumn=Oct-Dec. Originators of Italian data sets-List of contributors:

• Brunetti Fabio (OGS)
• Cardin Vanessa, Bensi Manuel doi:10.6092/36728450-4296-4e6a-967d-d5b6da55f306
• Cardin Vanessa, Bensi Manuel, Ursella Laura, Siena Giuseppe doi:10.6092/f8e6d18e-f877-4aa5-a983-a03b06ccb987
• Cataletto Bruno (OGS)
• Cinzia Comici Cinzia (OGS)
• Civitarese Giuseppe (OGS)
• DeVittor Cinzia (OGS)
• Giani Michele (OGS)
• Kovacevic Vedrana (OGS)
• Mosetti Renzo (OGS)
• Solidoro C.,Beran A.,Cataletto B.,Celussi M.,Cibic T.,Comici C.,Del Negro P.,De Vittor C.,Minocci M.,Monti M.,Fabbro C.,Falconi C.,Franzo A.,Libralato S.,Lipizer M.,Negussanti J.S.,Russel H.,Valli G., doi:10.6092/e5518899-b914-43b0-8139-023718aa63f5
• Celio Massimo (ARPA FVG)
• Malaguti Antonella (ENEA)
• Fonda Umani Serena (UNITS)
• Bignami Francesco (ISAC/CNR)
• Boldrini Alfredo (ISMAR/CNR)
• Marini Mauro (ISMAR/CNR)
• Miserocchi Stefano (ISMAR/CNR)
• Zaccone Renata (IAMC/CNR)
• Lavezza, R., Dubroca, L. F. C., Ludicone, D., Kress, N., Herut, B., Civitarese, G., Cruzado, A., Lefèvre, D.,Souvermezoglou, E., Yilmaz, A., Tugrul, S., and Ribera d'Alcala, M.: Compilation of quality controlled nutrient profiles from the Mediterranean Sea, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.771907, 2011.