Shallow hard (temp) - Shallow rock or gravel bottom (<40 m depth) - ecosystem component from the WIO Symphony tool

A seafloor substrate model, developed by C. Jenkins with regional support from S. Fennessy, was applied, together with the dbSEABED database. Rock and gravel proportion were combined to create a hard bottom layer. Shallow zone was defined as 0-40 m using GEBCO 2022 data, and yearly average SST (Sea Surface Temperature) from Copernicus data was used to model the temperate zone with a linear ramp-up starting at 25.5 °C (e.g. temp zone = 0) ending at 23 °C (e.g. temp zone =1) . Known limitations: The underlying substrate and bathymetry models are uncertain in most areas of the WIO region.